Russia And CIS Essays - Dissolution Of The Soviet Union,

Russia And CIS When the Soviet Union fell in 1991, due to many pressures both internal and external, the ex-soviet satellites were given their independence, much to Russia's dismay. A new trend towards sovereignty made it difficult for the largest country in the world to deny it's former members the right to separate. However, even with the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Russia is still heavily involved with the matters of its former soviet members. This then leaves the question, are those former states truly sovereign? In the following pages we will examine the many reasons as to why this question is currently being posed. Firstly, we will look at Russia's history on the international scene and how they have not really changed their agenda throughout the last century, up into the present. Along with the brief history, we shall elaborate on the reasons why the CIS was founded. Furthermore, modern day Russia seems to feel the need to impose itself upon these new sovereign states for various reasons that we will elaborate upon. Lastly, the members of the CIS see Russia as both a friend and foe to the organisation, which will be shown by looking at their interests and why they have divided views. However, to fully understand the complexities that are the Russian Empire, let us take a step back in time to when Peter the Great was building a country of grandeur. In the early 18th century, Peter the Great continued the expansion set forth by his predecessors, and fought a long war against the seasoned Swedish army. With the final defeat of their army, Peter gained control of several small countries, Latvia, Lithuania, Ingria and Estonia. Upon his return from the war the Russian senate voted that he bear the title of the Great and Emperor, his acceptance of the last title marked the official inauguration of the Russian Empire. Peter the Great continued to fight wars in hopes of expanding Russia's borders and its economy, regardless of cost, which eventually led to mistrust within the empire. Russia was indeed a world power, influencing and controlling its neighbours. Having built such a vast empire was only part of Peter's public appeal, he was a very ruthless but enlightened leader, the kind that appealed to the Russian people. In one of the bloodier cases, he had 1000 members of a coup d'tat assassinated, a punishment that he himself helped administer. Upon his death, many school children were then raised to see Peter as a hero, and a model leader. Perhaps then it is not so surprising that in the decades to follow, his accepted ruthlessness would be passed down into the next generations of leaders, this time having stricter doctrines within the regimes. As Karl Marx's ideas of socialism spread across a desperate nation several men stepped forward to end the oppression and starvation of their beloved country. The Russian revolution in 1917 seemed to be a refreshing change compared to the imperialism of the old regime and so countries such as Ukraine, Poland and Belarus joined willingly, hoping to find guidance for their country. Regardless of the many positive changes in the late 1920's, Joseph Stalin gained sole control of the Soviet Union and was more or less as ruthless as Peter the great himself. He began expanding and militarising the union, putting the state above each and every man. In the Ukraine, profitable farms were condensed into collective farms hoping to support industrialisation, and as a result there was a great famine and an estimated 5 to 7 million Ukrainians died. Even in Ukraine's darker period, because of their many natural resources, they were still considered very important to the Soviet Empire, almost its backbone. The Ukraine was not the only country to be used by the Soviets. Since the USSR spanned eight time zones, the land occupied was enormous; in fact it was the largest in the world. With such diverse landscapes there came many different natural resources which were used to feed and house the population of the Soviet Union as well as push the economy forward with its exports. The trees blanketing one-third of the Soviet Union constituted more than one-quarter of the earth's forest cover, subsequently making it one of the main exports, coming second only to the mining industry. The mineral deposits and precious metals in the Ukrainian and Siberian areas brought in the most revenue for the Soviets. Now it is quite evident that one of the reasons that the USSR prospered was that

Free Essays on Cottage

En-111 Grandparent’s Cottage My Grandparent’s cottage had an immense impression on me. My family and I had made so many memories each summer while we were at the cabin. We would usually end up going downstate to the cabin on Burt Lake, at least once during the summer and stay for a couple of weeks. A summer memory that I clearly remember is the time my step brother Jason and I went downstate to my Grandparents, to put on a new roof. Summer vacation from school was near and my dad told me that he had some good news. He wanted my step brother, Jason, and I to go down to the Cabin with him and help put on a new roof. I didn’t mind going there to do work instead of just relaxing. All I really cared about was seeing my Grandparents and being at the lake. When we approached the Burt Lake exit off the highway, I could feel myself getting excited. We made our way through the town roads and finally arrived on that familiar gravel road. By then I could barely stay in my seat. Memories of summers gone by were passing through my head. As soon as I got out of the car I saw the familiar one story white cabin, with its perfect three windows that had wood shudders and white siding all around. Leading up to the cabin was a very tiny stone sidewalk, which lead to a screen door on the porch. When you open the door you hear a bell ring that was very distinctive. Every time the bell rings, it immediately makes me feel calm and have that â€Å"at home† feeling you get when you step into your house after a long trip. When I first stepped inside the cabin and looked around everything seemed to be in order, except the cabin felt like a ghost town without my Grandparents or cousins greeting us when we arrived. The furniture and everything I rememb er being in there was the same. Even that nice wood smell the cabin had was the... Free Essays on Cottage Free Essays on Cottage En-111 Grandparent’s Cottage My Grandparent’s cottage had an immense impression on me. My family and I had made so many memories each summer while we were at the cabin. We would usually end up going downstate to the cabin on Burt Lake, at least once during the summer and stay for a couple of weeks. A summer memory that I clearly remember is the time my step brother Jason and I went downstate to my Grandparents, to put on a new roof. Summer vacation from school was near and my dad told me that he had some good news. He wanted my step brother, Jason, and I to go down to the Cabin with him and help put on a new roof. I didn’t mind going there to do work instead of just relaxing. All I really cared about was seeing my Grandparents and being at the lake. When we approached the Burt Lake exit off the highway, I could feel myself getting excited. We made our way through the town roads and finally arrived on that familiar gravel road. By then I could barely stay in my seat. Memories of summers gone by were passing through my head. As soon as I got out of the car I saw the familiar one story white cabin, with its perfect three windows that had wood shudders and white siding all around. Leading up to the cabin was a very tiny stone sidewalk, which lead to a screen door on the porch. When you open the door you hear a bell ring that was very distinctive. Every time the bell rings, it immediately makes me feel calm and have that â€Å"at home† feeling you get when you step into your house after a long trip. When I first stepped inside the cabin and looked around everything seemed to be in order, except the cabin felt like a ghost town without my Grandparents or cousins greeting us when we arrived. The furniture and everything I rememb er being in there was the same. Even that nice wood smell the cabin had was the...

Bikers, Emo, Graffiti

Very often young people refuse to recognize the official culture. Instead, they become the supporters of the so called youth subculture. A youth subculture is a youth-based subculture with distinct styles, behaviors, and interests. Youth subcultures offer participants an identity outside of that ascribed by social institutions such as family, work, home and school. It is generally known that subculture is the culture of people, who are dissatisfied with their place in society. One of the first forms of protesting against the society of grown-ups was the HIPPIE movement.The hippie subculture was originally youth movement that began In the united states during the early asses and spread around the world. These people inherited the counterculture values of the Beat Generation, created their own communities, listened to psychedelic rock, embraced the sexual revolution, and used drugs such as marijuana and LSI to explore alternative states of consciousness. Hippies led a primitive life and the slogans of were Life is love and Children are the flower of life. Their idol was J.Tolkien, whose epic trilogy. The Lord of the Rings became the guidelines for Hippies. Hippies were not aggressive and wanted freedom. Hippie fashions and values had a major effect on culture, influencing popular music, television, film, literature, and the arts. One of the first forms of protesting against the society of grown-ups was the Hippies movement. The young Americans, protesting against the war In Vietnam, organized their communes. Another famous forms of subcultures are Bodybuilding, Memo, straight edger, Graffiti. Hip hopper.One of the newest subcultures is STRAIGHTEDGES. Roll;anally being a Straight edge meant that you didnt drink, smoke or take drugs. These days straight edger also participate in animal rights retests, follow a vegetarian diet and are involved In environmental and political issues and protest. Music also plays an important role. Straight edge bands originally grew out of the punk rock movement In the asses. Over the years straight edge popularity has increased, but attention has also been focused on the narrow- mindedness of some straight edger.Straight edge kids make a statement with their fashion as well as with their philosophy. A tidy appearance is popular, with baggy trousers and T-shirts. Tattoos are a popular statement of straight edge membership, s are pierced ear lobes with large holes. Bags taken from students at a high school In Utah contained chains and heavy chain necklaces. Perhaps it is the lack of any 1 OFF philosophy. Bodybuilding is a form of body modification involving intensive muscle hypertrophy; an individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder. In competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders display their physiques to a panel of Judges, who assign points based on their appearance. The muscles are revealed through a combination of fat loss, oils, and tanning (or tanning lotions) Inch combined with lighting make the definition of the muscle group more distinct. Rhea most well-known for being a bodybuilder is Arnold Schwarzenegger. Memo is a style of rock music typically characterized by melodic musicianship and expressive, often confessional lyrics. Today memo is commonly tied to both music and fashion as Nell as the memo subculture.Usually among teens, the term memo is stereotyped with Nearing skinny Jeans, sometimes in bright colors, and tight t-shirts (usually short- sleeved) which often bear the names of memo bands. Bright colors, such as blue, pink, De, or bleached blond, are also typical as highlights in memo hairstyles. Memo has been associated with a stereotype that includes being particularly emotional, sensitive, shy, Introverted, or angst-ridden. It has also been associated with depression, self-injury, and suicide. The Goth subculture is a contemporary subculture found in many countries.It began in the United Kingdom during the early asses in the gothic rock scene, an offshoot of the post-punk genre. The Goth subculture has survived much longer than others of the same era, and has continued to diversify. The Goth picture has associated tastes in music, aesthetics, and fashion. Gothic music encompasses a number of different styles. Styles of dress within the subculture range from death rock, punk, androgynous, Victorian, some Renaissance and Medieval style attire, or combinations of the above, most often with black attire, makeup and hair.Graffiti (singular: graffito; the plural is used as a mass noun) is the name for images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted or marked in any manner on property. Graffiti is any type of public markings that may appear in the forms of simple written words to elaborate wall paintings. In modern times, spray paint, normal paint and markers have become the most commonly used materials. Sometimes graffiti is employed to communicate social and political messages. To some, it is an art form worthy of display in galleries and exhibitions; to others it is merely vandalism.Hip hop as a cultural movement manifest in B-boning :breakfasting), graffiti writing, Digging and emceeing is an artistic commitment to seize freedom from oppressive social conditions. This artistic commitment inherent in hip hop culture expresses a reality of human transcendence which was originally born UT of the creative impulse and cultural improvisation of the oppressed African American, Afro-Caribbean and Latino American communities of New York City(with the South Bronx as the center) in the late asses.It was DC Africa Bumboat that outlined the five pillars of hip-hop culture: Mincing, Digging, breaking, graffiti writing, and knowledge. Other elements include beat boxing, hip hop fashion, and slang. Since first emerging in the Bronx, the lifestyle of hip hop culture has spread around the Nor. Sometimes the representatives of other different youth subcultures take their beliefs to different extremes. Such groups as Skinheads or Heavy Mentalists are intolerant to the other people.Heavy bots, short hair-does braces frighten for many [ears the representatives of the decent society. Metadata (or headband) is a Interchangeably with the term hasher. However, the metal culture expands across the globe and is not limited to this. Metatheses affirm their membership in the subculture or scene by attending metal concerts, buying albums, and most recently, by contributing to metal websites and by growing their hair. The long hair, leather jackets and band patches of heavy metal fashion help to encourage a sense of Identification within the subculture.Like the music at its cultural core, these fashions have changed over the decades, from tight blue Jeans, motorcycle boots and black t- shirts in the late asses and early asses to black Jeans and army fatigue pants, military-style coats, and shaven or short-clipped hairstyles in the asses and asses. Rhea punk subculture is a subculture based around punk rock. It includes music, ideologies, fashion, visual art, dance, literature and film. The punk subculture is centered around listening to recordings or live concerts of a loud, aggressive genre of sock music called punk rock, usually shortened to punk.Although punks are frequently categorized as having left-wing or progressive views, punk politics cover the entire political spectrum. Punk-related ideologies are mostly concerned with individual freedom and anti-establishment views. A Nazi punk is a neo-Nazi who is part of the punk subculture. Nazi punks often wear clothing and hairstyles typically associated with the majority of the punk subculture, such as: liberty spike or Mohawk hairstyles, leather Jackets, boots, chains, and metal studs or spikes.However, Nazi inks are different from early punks, such as Side Vicious and Sioux Sioux, who are thought to have incorporated Nazi imagery such as Swastikas for shock or comedy alee. A skinhead is a member of a subculture that originated among working class {Touts in the United Kingdom in the asses, and then spread to oth er parts of the Nor. Named for their close-cropped or shaven heads, the first skinheads were greatly influenced by West Indian (specifically Jamaican) rude boys and British moods, in terms of fashion, music and lifestyle.Originally, the skinhead subculture was armorial based on those elements, not politics or race. In addition to short hair, skinheads are identified by their specific clothing styles. Its necessary to say, that all the subcultures are not so frightening, as it may seem. It is interesting to note, that every subculture follow a cycle. At first it magnetized youth. Many adopt it for fun. Then, it stops to express serious idea. In the end, it becomes a colorful part of urban culture. Dear parents , dont worry! Your dear Kids will grow -up soon and hell forget about his games/ Im sure Hell become a normal member of the society!

Campaign Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Campaign Critique - Essay Example It also aims to demonstrate the world’s commitment to this priority area of health care† (WHO, 2013). Background problem: the spread and increase of life threatening healthcare associated infections Geographical location (which are the countries where the campaign is implemented?) Global (48 countries have participated in this campaign) Target audience(s) Health care workers Approach (advocacy, social marketing, participatory, multi-pronged) Encouragement of health workers using the following tools: 1. System change tool: Alcohol-based handrub planning & costing tool (WHO, 2013) 2. Training/education tool: Hand hygiene - why, how and when brochure (WHO, 2013) 3. Evaluation and feedback tool: Observation form (WHO, 2013) 4. Reminders in the workplace tool: Your five moments for hand hygiene poster (WHO, 2013) 5. Institutional safety climate tool: Sustaining improvement-additional activities for consideration by health-care facilities (WHO, 2013) Dissemination channels (pl ease list the channels or materials) Government health agencies for each participating country. Critique: SAVE LIVES: Clean your hands The WHO campaign SAVE LIVES: Clean your hands targets basic health practices which seek to prevent the transfer of bacteria and of infection from patient to patient and from health worker to patient and vice versa (WHO, 2013). Health workers are always exposed to bacteria, viruses, and other contaminants which in some cases may be infectious and transferrable to other patients, to themselves, and to other health workers (Groll and Grimshaw, 2003). Washing hands has long been part of the health care process, however, there are times when health workers fail to adhere to its appropriate practice. Barriers to hand washing including limited and/contaminated water supply, especially in developing countries can prevent the health workers from actually carrying out their hand washing procedures before and after managing their patients (Mani, 2010). The lack of opportunity to carry out hand washing procedures also interferes with hand washing, especially where there are inadequate facilities for hand washing and where there are numerous patients requiring attention from the health workers (Kampf, 2004). Issues in the inadequate observation of hand washing techniques are seen mostly in developing countries where their health resources and facilities are inadequate, and where the number of patients often overwhelms health worker population (Kampf, 2004). The goals of the WHO campaign on highlighting the importance of hand washing for health workers is an important goal, as it helps energize a health care practice which can potentially bring about significant benefits for the patients and health workers (Larson, et.al., 2007). The goals of the project are also clearly linked to the WHO’s First Global Patient Safety Challenge, referring to clean care and safety care (WHO, 2009). Through the campaign, the WHO has provided a necessary first step towards ensuring patient safety and welfare. Health care associated infections can easily transfer from one patient to another through the contaminated hands of healthcare workers. Improving the hand hygiene practices of health workers decreases infection in various settings (Curtis and Cairnscross, 2003). Public concerns on the increased levels of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), as well as Clostridium difficile infection (CDR Weekly, 2003) are just some of the reasons why hand hygiene measures

Segregation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Segregation - Essay Example Despite variety of theoretical models suggested by US scholars to explain the ongoing discrimination in various fields of social life (Massey & Denton 1993; Borjas 1998), the key question still remains unanswered: why several decades of intensive legal and social efforts did so little in terms of eliminating such negative phenomenon as discrimination of minorities Although legal status of minorities is an essential factor in fighting discrimination and segregation, there are likely other equally important factors involved. Main Discussion The efforts to cope with the problem of minorities' segregation and discrimination undertaken during the last five decades largely failed. The seeming success of affirmative action when in 1970 - 1980's the number of students who belonged to racial or national minorities significantly increased, was achieved by reverse discrimination of the white majority: cases of Bakke and Webber (Ball, 2000) in 1970's made this fact evident to the public. Eventually, the surveys of public opinion demonstrated the controversy caused by lack of understanding of the affirmative policy in the nation. A recent survey performed by CNN in 1995 discovered that 80 percent of the respondents felt "affirmative action programs for minorities and women should be continued at some level" (RCPO, 1995). However, at the same time any possibility of reverse discrimination, which in fact had been the main feature of affirmative action programs since 1964, was opposed by 63 percent of participants (RCPO, 1995a). Affirmative action programs in education seem to cause more damage than positive effects. Laws passed to protect minorities from discrimination often led to reverse discrimination instead of... One of the most known accounts of the relationship between prejudice and negative stereotype was suggested by Milton Rokeach, who established a strong link between prejudice and the perception of intergroup differences.Therefore, affiliation with a certain group is an essential aspect of any individual's life. However, an individual affiliated with a certain group starts to distinguish between his/her group and people who belong to other groups which result in the development of two concepts: in-group and out-group. In-group is defined as "†¦ a group to which a person belongs and which forms a part of his or her social identity" while out-group is "any group to which a person does not belong". The major difference between the individual's perception of in-group and out-group members is the following: members of in-groups possess overwhelmingly good personal qualities, while out-group members are perceived with a certain share of negativism. This unique psychological mechanism is likely to be an important contributor to the ongoing discrimination and segregation in the US. This mechanism provides a valid explanation for the phenomenon of ‘voluntary segregation': segregation and racial isolation which results from voluntary choices of the minority representatives in housing, education, etc. The set of negative stereotypes which developed over the centuries when the white majority and the minorities lived on the same territory is an equally important factor in the ongoing discrimination.

Sympathetic Imagination in Northanger Abbey Essay -- Northanger Abbey

Sympathetic Imagination in Northanger Abbey   Ã‚  Ã‚   Critics as well as the characters in the novel Northanger Abbey have noticed Catherine Morland's artlessness, and commented upon it. In this essay I have chosen to utilise the names given to Catherine's unworldliness by A. Walton Litz in Jane Austen: a Study of her Artistic Development,[1] and Christopher Gillie in A Preface to Jane Austen.[2] Litz refers to "what the eighteenth century would have called the sympathetic imagination, that faculty which promotes benevolence and generosity" (Litz, p. 67). Gillie calls this same quality "candour", and states the importance of it to Jane Austen herself, gleaning a definition of it from one of Austen's own prayers: Incline us, oh God! to think humbly of ourselves, to be severe only in the examination of our own conduct, to consider our fellow-creatures with kindness, and to judge of all they say and do with that charity which we would desire from them ourselves (cited in Gillie, p. 22). Both critics recognise that Catherine's possession of this quality is problematic; it is desirable, but it must also be regulated if a heroine is not to be frequently duped by the harsh world. Both Gillie and Litz also acknowledge that an investigation of this enigma is at the heart of all Jane Austen's work. I believe that the exploration of this fundamental conundrum is at the core of Northanger Abbey, and that this should be so dismisses the claims of those who believe that the lessons Catherine learns in the Gothic section of the novel are thematically most important.[3] I maintain that Northanger Abbey is not merely a curiosity, a burlesque of the Gothic style, a remnant which looks back to the parodic style of much of the juvenilia.... ...1974). For instance, Marvin Mudrick, Jane Austen: Irony as Defence and Discovery, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1952). Peter L. De Rose and S. W. McGuire, A Concordance to the Works of Jane Austen, (New York: Garland Publishing, 1982). Northanger Abbey, p. 56. Northanger Abbey, p. 18, and Northanger Abbey, p. 206. Northanger Abbey uses "artless" three times in two volumes; Emma uses "artless" four times in three volumes. [ J. F. Burrows, Computation into Criticism: a Study of Jane Austen's Novels and an experiment in Method, (Oxford: Clarendon, 1987). See Northanger Abbey, pp. 22-23. See Northanger Abbey, p. 92, pp. 110-112. [Back] See Northanger Abbey, p. 30. "That a young lady should be in love, and the love of the young man undeclared, is an heterodoxy which prudence, and even policy, must not allow" (Johnson's Collected Works, V. 168).

Describe an Experience That Influenced Your Career Choice

Having grown up in a country where the prevalence of the shadow economy is on par with the continual political problems due to the mismanagement by autocrats. Public administration has surrounded me for as long as I can remember. On graduating ,i went to possess insight into many issues such as the way people and businesses react to the development and management of government programs by public administrators. I had some practical experience working at a hospital in Nigeria with sometime spent in the accounting department, this enabled me gain a practical experience of how the laws/duties/decisions made by public administrators affects people/individuals in real life situations such as explaining why people in less developed countries are prepared to pay for healthcare with private hospitals rather than using the national institutions which usually have worse service and deplorable equipments mainly due to mismanagement, wrong fiscal policies and corruption. The issues of customer satisfaction and equity were studied first hand and when comparing with the UK system, one would only praise the NHS(National Health Service) for its equitable approach unlike many other countries were only those than can afford treatment get it. During my university years, I was a part of the committee through whom student members voiced their opinion in reviving the Osun State Student Association at Bowen university ,which had lost his finesse. I was appointed the Financial Secretary and was indeed a challenge, as we had to work hard as a team creating and implementing programs and reforms, managing and allocating our own time and finances to ensure success, I was also part of the team that assisted the students to get there bursary from the State Government, and trust me it wasn’t easy in the sense that we had to keep writing letters and going out of our way to ensure the students get paid because its part of their civil right. During my National Youth Service Corps(NYSC) as a member of the Sports Community Development Group. Having acquired the silver award after the torment of hiking over double figure mileage distances to raise funds for the homeless children in Enugu State of Nigeria, it has enabled me to be more organized and helped me develop my ability to make quick, accurate and appropriate decisions in peril. Currently I am an accountant and a Guardian counselor in a primary and nursery school in Nigeria which goes by the name Macro Nursery and Primary school, I assist the younger generations in making right,responsibe,reputable and reasonable decisions in life. Leadership is also an important quality at succeeding in most areas, hence my appointment as one of the prefects in my secondary school has definitely helped me develop as a young adult. These duties are very rewarding and will be vital skills in preparing for life after public administration, studying this course in your university will enable me further my interest in economic issues as well as fulfilling my life time ambition.